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Fibrous Dysplasia — Shepherd’s Crook

Developmental fibro‑osseous lesion replacing normal bone with fibrous tissue. Types: monostotic (70%), polyostotic; associated with McCune–Albright (café‑au‑lait, endocrine). X‑ray: ground‑glass appearance, expansion, cortical thinning; Shepherd’s crook deformity of proximal femur. Histology: irregular woven bone trabeculae (‘Chinese letters’) in fibrous stroma. Treatment: bisphosphonates for pain, corrective osteotomies, internal fixation for deformity.