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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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High-grade soft tissue sarcoma, often near large joints of extremities (knee, ankle). Affects adolescents and young adults (15–40 years). Histology: biphasic (epithelial...
Benign proliferative synovial lesion; localized or diffuse type. Common in knee (80%) and hip; presents with pain, swelling, recurrent effusion. MRI: low-signal intensity...
Lodwick classification describes patterns of bone destruction on radiographs. Type I: geographic (IA sclerotic rim, IB sharp margin, IC ill-defined). Type II: moth-eaten...
Caused by recurrent hemarthrosis in hemophilia A/B leading to synovitis, cartilage loss, and arthritis. Target joints: knee, ankle, elbow—recurrent bleeds produce synovia...
Pyogenic: acute pain, fever, rapid neuro deficit; disc involvement early. TB: insidious course, night sweats, cold abscess, vertebral collapse, gibbus deformity. MRI: pyo...
Most common primary malignant tumor of bone (plasma cell dyscrasia). CRAB features: hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions (lytic). X‑ray: punched‑out lytic l...
Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin; >50 histological subtypes. Enneking staging: based on grade (low/high), compartment (intra/extra), metastasis (I–III). Presentatio...
Surgical emergency: cartilage can be destroyed within 24–48 hours; prompt drainage + antibiotics is critical. Children: hematogenous origin common; hip/knee frequent; Sta...
Second most common osteoarticular TB after spine; insidious monoarthritis progressing through stages. Typical deformity: flexion, adduction, external rotation; muscle spa...
Common site of osteoarticular TB after spine and hip; presents with chronic monoarthritis. Phemister triad on X‑ray: peri‑articular osteopenia, marginal erosions, gradual...
Indicated in isolated medial/lateral compartment OA with intact ligaments. Advantages: smaller incision, bone preservation, faster rehab, more natural kinematics. Contrai...
Both indicated for isolated medial compartment OA in younger active patients. HTO: joint-preserving, shifts weight-bearing axis, delays arthroplasty. UKA: joint-replacing...
