Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Orthopaedic deformities may result from abnormalities of bone, joints, growth plates, muscles, tendons, ligaments or nerves and can be angular, rotational, translational or length-related. Common deformities include cubitus varus and valgus...
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Common in young females; often after acute lateral dislocation. Risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance, ligamentous laxity. Clinical: r...
Idiopathic or secondary; painful stiffness with capsular pattern (ER most limited). Stages: painful freezing → frozen → thawing; natural history 1–3 years...
Define CRPS — Budapest Criteria with common etiologies and pathoanatomy. List key classifications or staging systems used in exams. Clinical features and focused examinat...
Congenital or developmental deformity due to premature closure of ulnar volar physis of distal radius. More common in adolescent females; associated with Léri-Weill dysch...
ACL is critical stabilizer against anterior translation and rotational instability. Mechanism: non-contact pivoting injury; pop and immediate swelling (hemarthrosis). Cli...
PCL prevents posterior tibial translation; stronger than ACL. Mechanism: dashboard injury (posterior force on tibia), hyperflexion. Clinical: posterior sag sign, posterio...
Involves disruption of ≥2 major knee ligaments; often from high-energy trauma. Common patterns: ACL + PCL ± collateral injuries. Associated with vascular (popliteal arter...
Perineural fibrosis of the common plantar digital nerve—classically in the 3rd webspace—causing burning plantar forefoot pain. Provocative tests: web‑space compression, M...
Entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve under the flexor retinaculum behind the medial malleolus. Symptoms: burning dysesthesia/paresthesia in plantar foot, w...
Autoimmune symmetric polyarthritis causing synovitis and progressive joint destruction—typical deformities in the hand: ulnar drift at MCPs, swan‑neck and boutonnière def...
Most common compressive neuropathy; due to compression of median nerve at carpal tunnel. Symptoms: nocturnal paresthesias, hand clumsiness, thenar atrophy. Tests: Phalen’...
Define Boutonnière & Swan Neck with common etiologies and pathoanatomy. List key classifications or staging systems used in exams. Clinical features and focused examinati...
