Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Type I: 50° (most vertical → highest shear). Higher angle = higher shear → instability, nonunion risk; stronger fixation needed.
Stable: intact posteromedial buttress; Unstable: posteromedial comminution, reverse obliquity, subtrochanteric extension. Stable → DHS; Unstable → cephalomedullary nail/f...
Types I–V: nondisplaced to highly comminuted/segmental by number/configuration of fragments. Most require IM nailing; higher types have longer healing and alignment chall...
I: inferior to fovea (non–weight-bearing); II: superior to fovea (weight-bearing). III: I/II with femoral neck fracture; IV: I/II with acetabular fracture. II–IV worse pr...
0: none; I: small butterfly; II: larger butterfly with ≥50% cortical contact. III:
Types I–VIII: extra- vs intra-articular, DRUJ involvement, and ulnar styloid fracture. Intra-articular (III–VIII) have higher arthritis risk; often require ORIF.
A: acute stable (A1 tubercle, A2 nondisplaced waist). B: acute unstable (B1 distal oblique, B2 displaced waist, B3 proximal pole, B4 comminuted, B5 perilunate). C: delaye...
I: incomplete/valgus impacted; II: complete, nondisplaced. III: complete, partially displaced (varus); IV: complete, fully displaced. I–II stable → fixation; III–IV unsta...
Radial head and neck fractures are common elbow injuries caused most often by a fall on an outstretched hand that transmits axial force through the forearm to the elbow....
Type I: nondisplaced (A noncomminuted / B comminuted). Type II: displaced but stable (A/B). Type III: displaced and unstable (A/B). Type I conservative; II–III usually re...
I: tip avulsion; II: 50% height. II–III indicate elbow instability, commonly part of terrible triad → fixation required.
I: anterior radial head dislocation (ulna angulated anterior). II: posterior; III: lateral; IV: both bones fractured with radial head dislocation. ORIF ulna restores radi...
