Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Posterior elbow dislocation + radial head fracture + coronoid tip fracture. Requires concentric reduction, radial head fixation/replacement, coronoid/LCCL repair.
Medial hinge disruption >2 mm, anatomic neck fracture, head-splitting → high AVN risk. Assists decision towards arthroplasty in ischemic patterns.
Type I: Through physis only (slip) — good prognosis; often in younger children. Type II: Through physis and metaphysis (Thurston–Holland fragment) — most common; good pro...
Morphology (compression 1, burst 2, translation/rotation 3, distraction 4), Posterior ligamentous complex integrity (intact 0, indeterminate 2, disrupted 3), Neurologic s...
I: 10 cm/high-energy or extensive damage. IIIa: adequate coverage; IIIb: periosteal stripping, needs flap; IIIc: arterial injury requiring repair. Higher grade → higher i...
Compression: anterior column only — usually stable. Burst: anterior + middle columns — unstable, canal compromise risk. Flexion-distraction (Chance): posterior tension fa...
Type A (compression): A1 wedge, A2 split, A3 incomplete burst, A4 complete burst. Type B (tension band): B1 posterior through bone/ligament, B2 posterior + anterior, B3 a...
Type I: tip avulsion (rare, stable). Type II: base of dens (common, unstable, high nonunion). Type III: into C2 body (better healing).
Type I: 3 mm and/or angulation (disc injury) — traction/halo or surgery. Type IIa: flexion–distraction variant (marked angulation). Type III: with C2–3 facet dislocation...
APC I–III: progressive symphysis/SI disruption (III complete). LC I–III: sacral compression → crescent fx → windswept (bilateral). VS: vertical shear; CM: combined mechan...
Zone 1: lateral to foramina (alar) — low neuro risk. Zone 2: through foramina — higher L5/S1 root risk. Zone 3: medial to foramina (central canal) — highest cauda equina...
Elementary: posterior wall/column, anterior wall/column, transverse. Associated: posterior column+wall, transverse+posterior wall, T-shaped, anterior column/posterior hem...
