Orthopaedic Wiki

Trauma 6 months ago

Bado Classification (Paediatric) — Monteggia & Equivalents

Type I: Anterior radial head dislocation with anterior angulated ulnar fracture — most common in children. Type II: Posterior/posterolateral dislocation; Type III: Latera...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Gartland Classification — Supracondylar Humerus (Extension Type)

Type I: Nondisplaced — anterior humeral line intersects capitellum; treat in long arm cast. Type II: Displaced with posterior cortex intact (hinge) — often closed reducti...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Milch / Jakob–Weiss — Lateral Condyle Humerus Fractures

Milch Type I: Fracture line lateral to trochlear groove (through capitellum–trochlear junction) — more stable. Milch Type II: Fracture line extends into trochlea — less s...

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Trauma 6 months ago

O’Brien / Metaizeau — Paediatric Radial Neck Fractures

O’Brien Angulation: I (60°). Displacement/translation also matters; >3 mm or severe angulation predicts need for reduction/fixation. Metaizeau (elastic stable intramedull...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Delbet–Colonna Classification — Paediatric Femoral Neck Fractures

Type I: Transepiphyseal (with/without dislocation) — highest AVN risk. Type II: Transcervical (through the neck). Type III: Cervicotrochanteric (basicervical). Type IV: I...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Meyers–McKeever (± Zaricznyj) — Tibial Spine (ACL Avulsion)

Type I: Minimally displaced avulsion. Type II: Hinge of posterior fibers intact (anterior lift) — may reduce closed; fixation if interposed tissue. Type III: Completely d...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Tscherne–Oestern — Closed Fracture Soft-Tissue Injury

Grade 0: minimal; 1: superficial abrasions/contusions; 2: deep contaminated abrasions, muscle contusion; 3: extensive crush, compartment risk. Higher grades predict compl...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Terrible Triad of the Elbow — Pattern (Not Graded)

Posterior elbow dislocation + radial head fracture + coronoid tip fracture. Requires concentric reduction, radial head fixation/replacement, coronoid/LCCL repair.

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Trauma 6 months ago

Hertel Predictors — Proximal Humerus Ischemia

Medial hinge disruption >2 mm, anatomic neck fracture, head-splitting → high AVN risk. Assists decision towards arthroplasty in ischemic patterns.

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Trauma 6 months ago

Salter–Harris Classification — Physeal (Growth Plate) Injuries

Type I: Through physis only (slip) — good prognosis; often in younger children. Type II: Through physis and metaphysis (Thurston–Holland fragment) — most common; good pro...

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Trauma 6 months ago

TLICS — Thoracolumbar Injury Classification & Severity Score

Morphology (compression 1, burst 2, translation/rotation 3, distraction 4), Posterior ligamentous complex integrity (intact 0, indeterminate 2, disrupted 3), Neurologic s...

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Trauma 6 months ago

Gustilo–Anderson — Open Fractures

I: 10 cm/high-energy or extensive damage. IIIa: adequate coverage; IIIb: periosteal stripping, needs flap; IIIc: arterial injury requiring repair. Higher grade → higher i...

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