Orthopaedic Wiki

Trauma 2 months ago

Medial Clavicle Physeal Injury (Pseudodislocation) — Pattern

Physeal separation of medial clavicle mimics SCJ dislocation — the physis is weaker than ligaments in children. Posterior displacement threatens mediastinal structures —...

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General 2 months ago

Arches of the Foot — Anatomy

Three arches: medial & lateral longitudinal, and transverse (anterior/posterior). Keystone bones: talus (medial longitudinal), cuboid (lateral), intermediate cuneiform (t...

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General 2 months ago

Supraspinatus — Anatomy & Clinical Tests

Origin: supraspinous fossa; insertion: superior facet of greater tuberosity; innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5–6). Action: initiates abduction, contributes to humeral...

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General 2 months ago

Iliotibial Band — Anatomy & Clinical

Thickened lateral fascia lata from iliac crest to Gerdy’s tubercle; receives fibers from TFL and gluteus maximus. Functions: lateral knee stabilization, assists hip abduc...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Tillaux (SH-III) & Triplane (SH-IV) — Distal Tibial Transitional Fractures

Tillaux: Anterolateral epiphyseal avulsion (SH-III) during asymmetric physeal closure — intra-articular; >2 mm step needs fixation. Triplane: Multi-planar SH-IV variant (...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Bado Classification (Paediatric) — Monteggia & Equivalents

Type I: Anterior radial head dislocation with anterior angulated ulnar fracture — most common in children. Type II: Posterior/posterolateral dislocation; Type III: Latera...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Gartland Classification — Supracondylar Humerus (Extension Type)

Type I: Nondisplaced — anterior humeral line intersects capitellum; treat in long arm cast. Type II: Displaced with posterior cortex intact (hinge) — often closed reducti...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Milch / Jakob–Weiss — Lateral Condyle Humerus Fractures

Milch Type I: Fracture line lateral to trochlear groove (through capitellum–trochlear junction) — more stable. Milch Type II: Fracture line extends into trochlea — less s...

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Trauma 2 months ago

O’Brien / Metaizeau — Paediatric Radial Neck Fractures

O’Brien Angulation: I (60°). Displacement/translation also matters; >3 mm or severe angulation predicts need for reduction/fixation. Metaizeau (elastic stable intramedull...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Delbet–Colonna Classification — Paediatric Femoral Neck Fractures

Type I: Transepiphyseal (with/without dislocation) — highest AVN risk. Type II: Transcervical (through the neck). Type III: Cervicotrochanteric (basicervical). Type IV: I...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Meyers–McKeever (± Zaricznyj) — Tibial Spine (ACL Avulsion)

Type I: Minimally displaced avulsion. Type II: Hinge of posterior fibers intact (anterior lift) — may reduce closed; fixation if interposed tissue. Type III: Completely d...

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Trauma 2 months ago

Tscherne–Oestern — Closed Fracture Soft-Tissue Injury

Grade 0: minimal; 1: superficial abrasions/contusions; 2: deep contaminated abrasions, muscle contusion; 3: extensive crush, compartment risk. Higher grades predict compl...

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