Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Causes: congenital anomalies (Down syndrome), os odontoideum, trauma, and rheumatoid arthritis with transverse ligament incompetence. Measure atlantodental interval (ADI)...
Degenerative stenosis from disc bulge, facet arthrosis, and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy causes neurogenic claudication. MRI confirms stenosis; correlate with walking to...
Assess stability and neurology with TLICS; Load Sharing Classification (McCormack) predicts need for anterior support. High load‑sharing score (≥7) → consider anterior co...
First-line treatment is ATT with rest and bracing per Tuli’s 'middle path'. Surgical indications: neurological deficit not improving, instability/deformity, large abscess...
Cobb angle measures curve magnitude; progression risk relates to age, Risser stage, menarchal status, and curve size. Bracing indicated for skeletally immature curves 25–...
Occurs in ages 3–6; risk of late valgus (Cozen phenomenon) due to asymmetric overgrowth. Usually metaphyseal greenstick/complete fractures from low‑energy mechanisms (tra...
Fix if fragment >25–30% of tibial plafond, >2 mm displacement, syndesmotic instability, or posterolateral fragment involving PITFL. CT-based morphology guides approach: p...
CSM is progressive spinal cord dysfunction due to degenerative stenosis (disc osteophyte complex, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, OPLL). Symptoms: hand clumsiness, gait im...
Sanders classification: based on CT coronal posterior facet fractures. Essex-Lopresti: tongue vs joint depression patterns. Operative indications: displacement >2 mm, mal...
High-energy injury with high risk of popliteal artery injury (10–40%). Urgent reduction and splinting; check pulses + ABI. If ABI
Concept: balance early fixation vs systemic insult. ETC = early total care in stable patients; DCO = staged for unstable. Indicators for DCO: ISS >40, hypothermia, acidos...
BOAST 4 guidelines: antibiotics ASAP, tetanus, debridement, stabilization, soft tissue cover. Do not remove bone fragments unless grossly non-viable. Definitive cover wit...
