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Orthopaedic deformities may result from abnormalities of bone, joints, growth plates, muscles, tendons, ligaments or nerves and can be angular, rotational, translational or length-related. Common deformities include cubitus varus and valgus...
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Accounts for ~20% of TKA revisions. Types: extension instability, flexion instability, mid-flexion instability, recurvatum. Causes: ligament imbalance, component malposit...
Includes quadriceps tendon rupture, patellar fracture, patellar tendon rupture, patellar component failure. Risk factors: previous surgery, patellar resurfacing, malalign...
Defined as knee stiffness after TKA, usually 10° extension loss. Incidence: 3–6% after TKA. Causes: poor rehab, malposition, infection, scar tissue formation. Management:...
Most common cause of late arthroplasty failure. Pathophysiology: particle-induced macrophage activation → cytokine release → osteolysis. Risk factors: polyethylene wear,...
Early complications: dislocation, infection, nerve injury, DVT/PE. Late complications: aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, heterotopic ossification, osteolysis, i...
Incidence 1–3% after primary THA; higher in revision. Risk factors: posterior approach, malpositioned cup (anteversion 25°, inclination >60°). Patient factors: neuromuscu...
HO = abnormal bone formation in periarticular soft tissues after surgery or trauma. Incidence after THA: 20–50%; clinically significant in 5–10%. Risk factors: male sex,...
Used for segmental bone loss after tumor resection or non-oncologic massive defects (failed revision arthroplasty, periprosthetic fractures). Common sites: distal femur r...
Indicated for skeletally immature patients undergoing limb-salvage near a growth plate (e.g., distal femur/proximal tibia). Designs: minimally invasive magnetically drive...
Indications: rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, complex distal humerus fractures in elderly, tumor resection. Implant types: linked (semi-constrained), unlin...
Wrist arthrodesis: gold standard for pain relief in advanced wrist arthritis; provides stability but sacrifices motion. Wrist arthroplasty: motion-preserving alternative...
Bone-conserving alternative to THA; resurfaces femoral head with metal cap. Indicated in young, active patients with OA, good bone stock, large femoral head size. Advanta...
