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Degenerative stenosis from disc bulge, facet arthrosis, and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy causes neurogenic claudication. MRI confirms stenosis; correlate with walking tolerance an...
Spine | 👁 5 | 2 weeks agoAssess stability and neurology with TLICS; Load Sharing Classification (McCormack) predicts need for anterior support. High load‑sharing score (≥7) → consider anterior column recon...
Spine | 👁 2 | 2 weeks agoFirst-line treatment is ATT with rest and bracing per Tuli’s 'middle path'. Surgical indications: neurological deficit not improving, instability/deformity, large abscess, severe p...
Spine | 👁 11 | 2 weeks agoCobb angle measures curve magnitude; progression risk relates to age, Risser stage, menarchal status, and curve size. Bracing indicated for skeletally immature curves 25–40° with d...
Spine | 👁 15 | 2 weeks agoOccurs in ages 3–6; risk of late valgus (Cozen phenomenon) due to asymmetric overgrowth. Usually metaphyseal greenstick/complete fractures from low‑energy mechanisms (trampoline, s...
Pediatrics | 👁 10 | 2 weeks agoFix if fragment >25–30% of tibial plafond, >2 mm displacement, syndesmotic instability, or posterolateral fragment involving PITFL. CT-based morphology guides approach: posterolate...
Trauma | 👁 11 | 2 weeks agoCSM is progressive spinal cord dysfunction due to degenerative stenosis (disc osteophyte complex, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, OPLL). Symptoms: hand clumsiness, gait imbalance, L...
Spine | 👁 6 | 2 weeks agoSanders classification: based on CT coronal posterior facet fractures. Essex-Lopresti: tongue vs joint depression patterns. Operative indications: displacement >2 mm, malalignment,...
Trauma | 👁 5 | 2 weeks agoHigh-energy injury with high risk of popliteal artery injury (10–40%). Urgent reduction and splinting; check pulses + ABI. If ABI
Trauma | 👁 6 | 2 weeks agoConcept: balance early fixation vs systemic insult. ETC = early total care in stable patients; DCO = staged for unstable. Indicators for DCO: ISS >40, hypothermia, acidosis, coagul...
Trauma | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoBOAST 4 guidelines: antibiotics ASAP, tetanus, debridement, stabilization, soft tissue cover. Do not remove bone fragments unless grossly non-viable. Definitive cover within 72 h (...
Trauma | 👁 5 | 2 weeks agoSymptomatic nonunion: pain, cosmetic deformity, scapular dyskinesis, and weakness. Standard treatment: compression plating + autogenous iliac crest bone graft for atrophic nonunion...
Trauma | 👁 5 | 2 weeks ago