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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Periprosthetic osteolysis = bone loss from wear particle-induced inflammation. Detected on radiographs as radiolucencies, cystic defects; CT useful for mapping, MRI (MARS...
Incidence rising with aging population and expanding TKA volumes. Common sites: distal femur (supracondylar), tibia (around keel/stem), patella (resurfaced patella). Clas...
Trunnionosis = corrosion/wear at head–neck modular junction of THA. Mechanism: fretting + crevice corrosion, leading to metal ion release. Clinical: unexplained pain, swe...
Main bearing couples: Metal-on-Polyethylene (MoP), Metal-on-Metal (MoM), Ceramic-on-Ceramic (CoC), Ceramic-on-Polyethylene (CoP). MoP: gold standard; risk of wear/osteoly...
Commonest source of dissatisfaction after TKA. Includes anterior knee pain, maltracking, subluxation/dislocation, fracture, loosening of patellar component. Risk factors:...
Accounts for ~20% of TKA revisions. Types: extension instability, flexion instability, mid-flexion instability, recurvatum. Causes: ligament imbalance, component malposit...
Includes quadriceps tendon rupture, patellar fracture, patellar tendon rupture, patellar component failure. Risk factors: previous surgery, patellar resurfacing, malalign...
Defined as knee stiffness after TKA, usually 10° extension loss. Incidence: 3–6% after TKA. Causes: poor rehab, malposition, infection, scar tissue formation. Management:...
Most common cause of late arthroplasty failure. Pathophysiology: particle-induced macrophage activation → cytokine release → osteolysis. Risk factors: polyethylene wear,...
Early complications: dislocation, infection, nerve injury, DVT/PE. Late complications: aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, heterotopic ossification, osteolysis, i...
Incidence 1–3% after primary THA; higher in revision. Risk factors: posterior approach, malpositioned cup (anteversion 25°, inclination >60°). Patient factors: neuromuscu...
HO = abnormal bone formation in periarticular soft tissues after surgery or trauma. Incidence after THA: 20–50%; clinically significant in 5–10%. Risk factors: male sex,...
