Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Apophysitis of tibial tubercle in adolescents due to repetitive traction from quadriceps. Common in athletic boys (10–15 yrs). Clinical: pain, swelling, prominent tender...
Congenital variant where meniscus is thickened and disk-shaped. Most common in lateral meniscus (incidence 1–3%). Clinical: snapping, pain, locking in children/young adul...
Focal subchondral bone necrosis leading to cartilage instability. Common site: lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle. Clinical: pain, swelling, catching, locking in ad...
Cartilage defects cause pain, swelling, mechanical symptoms; poor intrinsic healing. ACI: two-stage procedure — harvest cartilage → culture chondrocytes → reimplant under...
Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon from distal phalanx. Mechanism: forced extension of DIP during active flexion (grabbing opponent’s jersey). Clinical:...
Flexion of PIP joint with hyperextension of DIP joint. Caused by central slip rupture of extensor tendon at PIP. Mechanism: forceful blow, RA, laceration. Clinical: inabi...
Hyperextension of PIP with flexion of DIP joint. Caused by RA (most common), trauma, chronic mallet finger, spasticity. Clinical: finger looks like swan neck, loss of gri...
Fibroproliferative disorder of palmar fascia causing fixed flexion deformity of fingers. Risk factors: male, >40 years, northern European descent, diabetes, alcoholism, s...
Injury to ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of thumb MCP joint. Mechanism: valgus stress from fall on abducted thumb (ski pole). Clinical: pain, swelling, instability at MC...
Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures aiding load transmission, stability, and lubrication. Types: longitudinal, horizontal, radial, flap, bucket handle, complex. Cli...
Most common carpal instability; due to disruption of scapholunate ligament. Clinical: wrist pain, weakness, clicking; positive Watson’s test. Radiology: gap >3 mm (‘Terry...
Avascular necrosis of lunate; affects young adults, more in men. Risk factors: negative ulnar variance, trauma, vascular anomalies. Lichtman staging I–IV guides managemen...
