Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Avulsion of extensor tendon at DIP joint; may involve bony fragment. Mechanism: sudden forced flexion of extended DIP (e.g., ball injury). Clinical: inability to extend D...
Trigger finger: stenosing tenosynovitis of flexor tendon sheath (A1 pulley). Symptoms: painful clicking/locking of finger; risk in diabetics, RA. De Quervain: stenosing t...
Used after wide resection of distal femur/proximal tibia tumors. Modular systems allow intraoperative flexibility and immediate stability. Expandable designs used in chil...
Lateral deviation of great toe with medial eminence (bunion). Risk factors: female gender, footwear, ligamentous laxity, pes planus. Clinical: pain, callosities, overlapp...
Biopsy is critical for diagnosis but must follow strict oncological principles. Plan biopsy with final surgery in mind; incision should be longitudinal and in line with r...
Most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents (after myeloma overall). Sites: metaphysis of long bones—distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus. X‑ray: su...
Second most common primary malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma, usually >40 years. Common sites: pelvis, femur, humerus, ribs. Graded histologically (I–III); dediffer...
Benign osteoblastic tumor
Spectrum: cellulitis, abscess, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis. Principles: Early recognition, debridement, targeted antibiotics, stabilization, soft‑tissue cover. Diagno...
HIV patients prone to bacterial (Staph aureus), mycobacterial (TB), fungal infections. Salmonella is a classic cause of osteomyelitis in HIV, especially with sickle cell...
Colles: extra-articular, dorsal tilt; Smith: extra-articular, volar tilt; Barton: intra-articular rim fracture. Clinical deformities: dinner-fork (Colles), garden-spade (...
Most common carpal fracture, usually waist (70%). Blood supply retrograde to proximal pole → high risk of AVN. Clinical: anatomical snuffbox tenderness, pain on axial loa...
