Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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The pisiform is a sesamoid bone located within the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon on the medial side of the wrist, articulating with the triquetrum at the pisiotriquet...
A comprehensive systematic approach to interpreting hip radiographs, covering patient positioning, anatomical landmarks, key lines and angles, pathological patterns, and...
A lytic bone lesion on X-ray should be approached systematically using five steps: patient age (the single most powerful clue — under 20 favours benign lesions, over 40 m...
The unhappy triad (O'Donoghue triad) is a combined knee injury involving the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus, classically caused by a valgus contact force on a planted foot...
Tennis elbow = lateral epicondylitis (ECRB tendon origin degeneration). Golfer’s elbow = medial epicondylitis (flexor-pronator origin). Clinical: pain, tenderness,...
Second most common compression neuropathy after CTS; affects ulnar nerve at elbow. Symptoms: paresthesias in ulnar digits, weakness of intrinsic hand muscles. Tests: Tine...
Common in elderly and overhead athletes; supraspinatus most often torn. Clinical: pain, weakness in abduction/external rotation, night pain. Tests: Jobe’s, drop arm, exte...
Mallet: extensor tendon avulsion at DIP → inability to extend. Jersey: FDP avulsion at DIP → inability to flex. Mallet mechanism: forced DIP flexion; Jersey: fo...
Spectrum: acetabular dysplasia to frank dislocation. Risk factors: breech, female, family history, oligohydramnios. Clinical: Ortolani & Barlow tests in neonates; Galeazz...
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head in children 4–10 yrs. More common in boys; often unilateral. Clinical: limp, hip/knee pain, limited abduction/internal rotat...
SLAP = Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear involving biceps anchor. Mechanism: overhead throwing, fall on outstretched hand. Types I–IV (Snyder classification). Cl...
Most common indication: displaced femoral neck fracture in elderly. Types: unipolar (Austin-Moore, Thompson) vs bipolar prostheses. Advantages: shorter surgery, less bloo...
