Orthonotes
by the.bonestories
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Enchondroma: intramedullary cartilage tumor, common in hand phalanges. Osteochondroma: cartilage-capped exophytic lesion from metaphysis. Syndromes: Ollier, Maffucci (enchondroma);...
Tumor | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoMost common primary malignant bone tumor in adults (median age ~65 yrs). Neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells → monoclonal immunoglobulin production. Classical CRAB features: h...
Tumor | 👁 4 | 2 weeks agoRelapse often due to **brace non‑compliance**; dynamic supination is common in toddlers. Initial management is **re‑casting** following Ponseti principles; evaluate for residual eq...
Pediatrics | 👁 9 | 2 weeks agoOI due to COL1A1/2 defects; **Sillence I–IV** (classic) with expanded types V–VII; severity ranges from mild to perinatal lethal. Clinical: **blue sclerae**, dentinogenesis imperfe...
Pediatrics | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoGartland I–III (± IV for multidirectional instability). Complications to watch: **brachial artery injury**, **median/anterior interosseous nerve palsy**, **compartment syndrome**,...
Pediatrics | 👁 7 | 2 weeks agoSecond most common malignant bone tumor in children/adolescents after osteosarcoma. Characterized by t(11;22) → EWS-FLI1 translocation. Common sites: diaphysis of long bones, pelvi...
Tumor | 👁 5 | 2 weeks agoEarly detection with Barlow/Ortolani; ultrasound (Graf) guides treatment under 6 months. Pavlik harness is first‑line for reducible dislocation under ~6 months; avoid excessive ext...
Pediatrics | 👁 8 | 2 weeks agoLoder classification: **Stable** (able to walk, even with aids) vs **Unstable** (non‑ambulatory) — strongest predictor of AVN. Typical patient: obese adolescent (boys > girls), end...
Pediatrics | 👁 9 | 2 weeks agoIdiopathic avascular necrosis of capital femoral epiphysis in 4–8‑year‑olds (boys > girls). Radiographic **Waldenström stages**: Initial, Fragmentation, Re‑ossification, Healed. **...
Pediatrics | 👁 8 | 2 weeks agoPathologic varus from disordered endochondral growth of medial proximal tibial physis; early walkers/obesity risk. **Langenskiöld stages I–VI** describe progressive physeal/epiphys...
Pediatrics | 👁 6 | 2 weeks agoWiltse etiologic types: I dysplastic, II isthmic (IIA lytic, IIB elongated pars, IIC acute pars), III degenerative, IV traumatic (other than pars), V pathologic, VI iatrogenic. Mey...
Spine | 👁 6 | 2 weeks agoCauses: congenital anomalies (Down syndrome), os odontoideum, trauma, and rheumatoid arthritis with transverse ligament incompetence. Measure atlantodental interval (ADI): >3 mm in...
Spine | 👁 5 | 2 weeks ago