Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Symptomatic nonunion: pain, cosmetic deformity, scapular dyskinesis, and weakness. Standard treatment: compression plating + autogenous iliac crest bone graft for atrophi...
Goal: prevent surgical site infections (SSI). Airflow: laminar, HEPA, positive pressure. Staff: gown, glove, mask, restrict movement. Instruments: autoclave, ETO, H2O2 pl...
Level selection balances wound healing potential, prosthetic energy cost, and function. Upper limb: transmetacarpal, wrist disarticulation, trans‑radial, elbow disarticul...
Viable (hypertrophic/oligotrophic) vs non‑viable (atrophic, necrotic, defect, comminuted). Radiographic callus indicates biology; absence suggests poor biology. Guides tr...
ATLS: binder early for unstable pelvis; hemorrhage control is priority. Tile A stable, B rotationally unstable, C rot + vertical unstable. Hemorrhage control: binder, ex-...
Garden I–II = non-displaced, III–IV = displaced. Pauwels I 50° vertical shear. Young = urgent reduction + fixation (CS/DHS). Elderly = arthroplasty if displaced. Complica...
Indications: femoral shaft fractures, temporary stabilization. Provides traction + splintage. Structure: proximal ring, side bars, distal crossbar. Complications: sores,...
Used for tibia/femur fractures with traction. Has pulleys, slings; allows elevation and adjustment. Complications: sores, stiffness, peroneal palsy.
Non-invasive traction in children. Types: Gallows (
AFO: ankle-foot support in drop foot, CP, polio. KAFO: supports knee in quadriceps paralysis, SCI. Types: rigid, hinged, leaf-spring (AFO); locked, drop lock, offset (KAF...
Malunion = fracture healing in unacceptable position (angulation, rotation, shortening, translation). Nonunion = failure of fracture to heal in expected time (9 months wi...
Raised intracompartmental pressure → ischemia/necrosis. Causes: tibia/forearm fractures, crush injury, reperfusion, tight casts. Early signs: pain out of proportion, pain...
