Terrible triad = posterior elbow dislocation + radial head fracture + coronoid fracture. Highly unstable pattern, requires surgical fixation of all co...
Indication: simple, non-comminuted transverse olecranon fractures (AO 21-B1) with intact dorsal cortex. Principle: converts triceps tensile force into...
ISS: anatomical score using AIS; 1–75; >15 = major trauma. RTS: physiological score (GCS, SBP, RR);
Classically 24–72 h after long‑bone/pelvic fractures or IM reaming; triad: hypoxemia, neurological signs, petechiae. Diagnosis is clinical; supported...
Heterotopic ossification in muscle after trauma or neurological injury. Common sites: quadriceps, brachialis, adductors. Symptoms: painful swelling →...
Absolute CP >30 mmHg indicates fasciotomy. ΔP = DBP – CP; if <30 mmHg, fasciotomy indicated. Interpret with clinical signs.
Tension‑stress effect: gradual distraction (≈1 mm/day in 4 steps) after corticotomy induces regenerate bone and soft‑tissue adaptation. Circular fixat...
Types: uniplanar, biplanar, circular. Biomechanics: stiffness ↑ with larger pins, more pins, wider spread, closer frame. Indications: open fractures,...
Types: hypovolemic (hemorrhagic), distributive (septic, neurogenic), cardiogenic, obstructive. Initial approach: ATLS (Airway with C‑spine, Breathing,...
Load sharing vs load bearing; absolute vs relative stability; primary vs secondary healing. Plates: compression (DCP/LCP in compression) vs bridging (...
