Maisonneuve injury = proximal fibular fracture + syndesmotic disruption + medial injury (deltoid/medial malleolus). Mechanism: external rotation with...
Lewis–Rorabeck and Su classifications guide treatment; stability of the femoral component is the key decision point. Stable TKA → fixation (locking pl...
Indications: displaced transverse fractures with intact extensor. Principle: converts tensile quadriceps force into compression at fracture site. Tech...
Definition: fracture adjacent to fixation device or prosthesis. Differentiate peri-implant vs periprosthetic. Causes: stress risers, osteopenia, traum...
Ilizarov fixator allows bone transport for segmental loss. Principle: distraction osteogenesis by gradual tension on callus. Indications: infected non...
Malunion = fracture healed in unacceptable alignment causing functional, cosmetic, or biomechanical issues. Decision to correct depends on symptoms, j...
Classification based on position of foot + force direction. Common: Supination-External Rotation (SER), Supination-Adduction (SA), Pronation-Abduction...
Hawkins classification I–IV based on displacement/dislocation. AVN risk increases with stage: I 90%. Urgent reduction and fixation critical to preserv...
Lisfranc joint = tarsometatarsal articulation; key stabilizer = Lisfranc ligament (medial cuneiform to 2nd MT base). Mechanism: axial load with planta...
AO 33 classification. Locking plate vs retrograde nail. Principles: joint first, then shaft. Complications: nonunion, malalignment, stiffness.
