v4.1 Fusion X
I split lateral; II split+depression; III pure depression; IV medial; V bicondylar; VI metaphyseal-diaphyseal dissociation. Severity ↑ from I→VI; medi...
41-A extra-articular; 41-B partial articular; 41-C complete articular. Complements/updates Schatzker with alphanumeric consistency across regions.
Type I: 50° (most vertical → highest shear). Higher angle = higher shear → instability, nonunion risk; stronger fixation needed.
Stable: intact posteromedial buttress; Unstable: posteromedial comminution, reverse obliquity, subtrochanteric extension. Stable → DHS; Unstable → cep...
Types I–V: nondisplaced to highly comminuted/segmental by number/configuration of fragments. Most require IM nailing; higher types have longer healing...
I: inferior to fovea (non–weight-bearing); II: superior to fovea (weight-bearing). III: I/II with femoral neck fracture; IV: I/II with acetabular frac...
0: none; I: small butterfly; II: larger butterfly with ≥50% cortical contact. III:
Types I–VIII: extra- vs intra-articular, DRUJ involvement, and ulnar styloid fracture. Intra-articular (III–VIII) have higher arthritis risk; often re...
A: acute stable (A1 tubercle, A2 nondisplaced waist). B: acute unstable (B1 distal oblique, B2 displaced waist, B3 proximal pole, B4 comminuted, B5 pe...
I: incomplete/valgus impacted; II: complete, nondisplaced. III: complete, partially displaced (varus); IV: complete, fully displaced. I–II stable → fi...