v4.1 Fusion X
Type I: Through physis only (slip) — good prognosis; often in younger children. Type II: Through physis and metaphysis (Thurston–Holland fragment) — m...
Morphology (compression 1, burst 2, translation/rotation 3, distraction 4), Posterior ligamentous complex integrity (intact 0, indeterminate 2, disrup...
I: 10 cm/high-energy or extensive damage. IIIa: adequate coverage; IIIb: periosteal stripping, needs flap; IIIc: arterial injury requiring repair. Hig...
Compression: anterior column only — usually stable. Burst: anterior + middle columns — unstable, canal compromise risk. Flexion-distraction (Chance):...
Type A (compression): A1 wedge, A2 split, A3 incomplete burst, A4 complete burst. Type B (tension band): B1 posterior through bone/ligament, B2 poster...
Type I: tip avulsion (rare, stable). Type II: base of dens (common, unstable, high nonunion). Type III: into C2 body (better healing).
Type I: 3 mm and/or angulation (disc injury) — traction/halo or surgery. Type IIa: flexion–distraction variant (marked angulation). Type III: with C2–...
APC I–III: progressive symphysis/SI disruption (III complete). LC I–III: sacral compression → crescent fx → windswept (bilateral). VS: vertical shear;...
Zone 1: lateral to foramina (alar) — low neuro risk. Zone 2: through foramina — higher L5/S1 root risk. Zone 3: medial to foramina (central canal) — h...
Elementary: posterior wall/column, anterior wall/column, transverse. Associated: posterior column+wall, transverse+posterior wall, T-shaped, anterior...