Orthonotes
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Viable (hypertrophic/oligotrophic) vs non‑viable (atrophic, necrotic, defect, comminuted). Radiographic callus indicates biology; absence suggests poo...
ATLS: binder early for unstable pelvis; hemorrhage control is priority. Tile A stable, B rotationally unstable, C rot + vertical unstable. Hemorrhage...
Garden I–II = non-displaced, III–IV = displaced. Pauwels I 50° vertical shear. Young = urgent reduction + fixation (CS/DHS). Elderly = arthroplasty if...
Indications: femoral shaft fractures, temporary stabilization. Provides traction + splintage. Structure: proximal ring, side bars, distal crossbar. Co...
Used for tibia/femur fractures with traction. Has pulleys, slings; allows elevation and adjustment. Complications: sores, stiffness, peroneal palsy.
Malunion = fracture healing in unacceptable position (angulation, rotation, shortening, translation). Nonunion = failure of fracture to heal in expect...
Raised intracompartmental pressure → ischemia/necrosis. Causes: tibia/forearm fractures, crush injury, reperfusion, tight casts. Early signs: pain out...
ETC: definitive fixation within 24 h for stable patients. DCO: temporary stabilization in unstable patients; definitive fixation after stabilization....
Score based on skeletal/soft tissue injury, ischemia, shock, age. Ischemia >6 h doubles points. MESS ≥7 → amputation likely. Adjunct tool; not absolut...