v4.1 Fusion X
Indications: femoral shaft fractures, temporary stabilization. Provides traction + splintage. Structure: proximal ring, side bars, distal crossbar. Co...
Used for tibia/femur fractures with traction. Has pulleys, slings; allows elevation and adjustment. Complications: sores, stiffness, peroneal palsy.
Malunion = fracture healing in unacceptable position (angulation, rotation, shortening, translation). Nonunion = failure of fracture to heal in expect...
Raised intracompartmental pressure → ischemia/necrosis. Causes: tibia/forearm fractures, crush injury, reperfusion, tight casts. Early signs: pain out...
ETC: definitive fixation within 24 h for stable patients. DCO: temporary stabilization in unstable patients; definitive fixation after stabilization....
Score based on skeletal/soft tissue injury, ischemia, shock, age. Ischemia >6 h doubles points. MESS ≥7 → amputation likely. Adjunct tool; not absolut...
Seddon: neuropraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis; Sunderland expands to 5 degrees based on structural disruption. Degree I: conduction block; II: axonal...
Buckle/Torus: Compression failure of cortex (metaphyseal) — stable; treat with short immobilization/splint. Plastic Bowing: Microfracture without disc...
Physeal separation of medial clavicle mimics SCJ dislocation — the physis is weaker than ligaments in children. Posterior displacement threatens media...