Orthonotes
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Primary neurapraxia occurs in ~10–15% closed fractures; most recover spontaneously by 3–4 months. Immediate exploration for open fractures, vascular injury, high‑energy with suspec...
Trauma | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoRadial shaft fracture with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Occurs in middle to distal third radius fracture. Requires ORIF of radius and stabilization of DRUJ. Ca...
Trauma | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoTerrible triad = posterior elbow dislocation + radial head fracture + coronoid fracture. Highly unstable pattern, requires surgical fixation of all components. Goal: concentric red...
Trauma | 👁 4 | 2 weeks agoIndication: simple, non-comminuted transverse olecranon fractures (AO 21-B1) with intact dorsal cortex. Principle: converts triceps tensile force into compression at the articular...
Trauma | 👁 5 | 2 weeks agoExternal (periosteal) vs internal (endosteal) callus; bridging and uniting fragments. Primary (contact) healing has minimal/no callus under rigid stability; secondary healing forms...
General | 👁 5 | 2 weeks agoWidened physes with cupping and fraying at metaphysis; generalized osteopenia. Rachitic rosary at costochondral junction; Harrison’s sulcus due to diaphragmatic pull. Looser’s zone...
General | 👁 4 | 2 weeks agoFormation markers: bone‑specific ALP, osteocalcin, P1NP. Resorption markers: CTX (C‑telopeptide), NTX, TRAP‑5b. Uses: monitoring therapy in osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease,...
General | 👁 4 | 2 weeks agoGait cycle: stance (~60%) and swing (~40%); double support ~20% of cycle. Rocker phases: heel rocker, ankle rocker, forefoot rocker enable forward progression. Determinants reduce...
General | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoRecurrent hemarthroses → synovial hypertrophy → cartilage damage and arthropathy (ankle, knee, elbow). Evaluation: bleeding history, factor levels/inhibitors, US/MRI for synovitis...
General | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoISS: anatomical score using AIS; 1–75; >15 = major trauma. RTS: physiological score (GCS, SBP, RR);
Trauma | 👁 4 | 2 weeks agoBenign: slow, well circumscribed, no metastasis. Malignant: rapid, infiltrative, metastasis. Histology: benign differentiated; malignant atypia, mitoses, necrosis. Radiology: benig...
Tumor | 👁 3 | 2 weeks agoCierny–Mader classifies adult osteomyelitis by anatomic type (I–IV) and host status (A/B/C). Type I: Medullary; Type II: Superficial; Type III: Localized (cortical sequestration wi...
General | 👁 3 | 2 weeks ago