Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to orthopaedic screws covering screw anatomy and geometry, cortical and cancellous screws, lag screws and the lag technique, locking screws, cannulated screws, headless compression screws, malleolar and positional screws...
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Malunion = fracture healed in unacceptable alignment causing functional, cosmetic, or biomechanical issues. Decision to correct depends on symptoms, joint at risk, magnit...
Classification based on position of foot + force direction. Common: Supination-External Rotation (SER), Supination-Adduction (SA), Pronation-Abduction (PA), Pronation-Ext...
Hawkins classification I–IV based on displacement/dislocation. AVN risk increases with stage: I 90%. Urgent reduction and fixation critical to preserve talar blood supply...
Lisfranc joint = tarsometatarsal articulation; key stabilizer = Lisfranc ligament (medial cuneiform to 2nd MT base). Mechanism: axial load with plantar flexion/twist. Dia...
AO 33 classification. Locking plate vs retrograde nail. Principles: joint first, then shaft. Complications: nonunion, malalignment, stiffness.
I lateral split, II split+depression, III depression, IV medial, V bicondylar, VI dissociation. Surgical principle: elevate, graft, raft screws, plate. Complications: com...
Tibia shaft → highest risk of compartment. Signs: pain out of proportion, stretch pain. ΔP
Elementary: PW, PC, AW, AC, Transverse. Associated: PC+PW, Trans+PW, T-type, AC+PHT, Both-column. Views: Judet + CT 3D. Approaches: KL (post), Ilioinguinal/Stoppa (ant)....
AO 31-A: A1 simple, A2 comminuted, A3 reverse oblique. Implants: DHS for stable A1/A2, CMN for unstable A2/A3. TAD
Deforming forces: flex-abd-ER proximal; add distal. Implant: CMN gold standard. Reduction aids: Schanz, cerclage, clamps. Entry point crucial (piriformis/trochanteric). C...
Gold standard for adult diaphyseal femur. Reaming adds biology + bigger nail. Supine position, piriformis/trochanteric entry. Complications: fat embolism, malrotation, kn...
Most common: midshaft fractures; assess displacement, shortening, comminution, skin tenting, neurovascular status. Nonoperative for minimally displaced; operative indicat...
